Eveline By James Joyce

                                                                                            Eveline By James Joyce     James Joyce (1882-1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet, widely regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. Known for his innovative narrative techniques and complex use of language, Joyce’s works, such as “Dubliners,” “A Portrait of the Artist as Young Man,” “Ulysses,” and “Finnegans Wake,” revolutionized modernist literature. His writing often explores themes of identity, consciousness, and the struggles of ordinary life in early 20th-century Dublin. Joyce’s work has had a profound impact on both literary theory and the development of the modern novel. “Eveline” is a part of his collection “Dubliners” (1914). The story centers around a young woman named Eveline who is torn between her sense of duty to her family in Dublin and her desire for a new life with her lover, Frank, in Argentina. As she contemplates leavi

The Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde (Study questions and answers)

 

The Happy Prince

By Oscar Wild

 

Q: Why do the courtiers call the prince “The Happy Prince”? Is he really happy? What does he see all around him?

 

The courtiers call the prince “The Happy Prince” because when he was alive, he lived a life of luxury and joy in a palace where sorrow was not allowed to enter. He was always happy and thus earned the title. However, after his death, his statue is placed high above the city, and he sees all the misery and suffering around him. So, in reality, he is not happy because he is deeply affected by poverty and sufferings he witnesses.

 

Q: Why does the Happy Prince send a ruby for the seamstress? What does the swallow do in the seamstress’ house?

 

The Happy Prince sends a ruby to the seamstress because she is very poor and unable to take care of her sick son. The ruby can help her buy food and medicine. The swallow takes the ruby from the statue and flies to the seamstress’ house, placing the ruby on the table beside her. In the seamstress’ house, the swallow fans the boy with its wings to cool him down and then returns to the Happy Prince.

 

Q: For whom does the prince send the sapphires and why?

 

The prince sends the sapphires for two people. The happy prince sends one ruby to a young playwright who is trying to finish a play but is too cold and hungry to work. The prince sends him one sapphire to help him buy firwood and food. He sends the other ruby to a poor match-girl whose matches have fallen into the gutter, and she is afraid to go home without any money. The prince sends the second sapphire to help her and prevent her from being beaten by her father.

 

Q: What does the swallow see when it flies over the city?

 

When the swallow flies over the city, it sees a stark contrast between the wealth and the poverty. He sees rich people living in luxury, while the poor suffer in dire conditions. The swallow witnesses scenes of misery, such as beggars, starving children, and oppressed workers.

 

Q: Why did the swallow not leave the prince and go to Egypt?

 

The swallow initially intended to leave for Egypt to join his friends, but he stayed behind out of compassion for the prince. The Happy Prince’s kindness and the requests to help the poor moved the swallow deeply. As he carried out the prince’s wishes, he developed a strong bond with the statue and decided to stay with him until the end.

 

Q: What are the precious things mentioned in the story? Why are they precious?

 

The precious things mentioned in the story include the ruby from the prince’s sword hilt, the sapphires from his eyes, and the gold leaf covering his body. They are precious not just because of their material value but also because of the selfless acts they enable. The prince and the swallow use these treasures to help those in need, transforming the material wealth into acts of compassion and kindness.

 

 

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